LLC vs Joint Stock Company in Egypt: Which Business Structure Fits Your Plans?
A practical guide for foreign investors choosing between Egypt’s two main corporate forms under Companies Law No. 159 of 1981
Residency by Investment in Egypt: What Foreign Investors Should Know
For many international investors, the phrase “golden visa” suggests a simple trade: make a qualifying investment and receive long-term residence. In Egypt, the reality is more nuanced. Egypt does offer residence pathways connected to investment. The legal framework covers investor residence under the Investment Law and executive regulations. Later policy changes broadened access through investment-linked […]
Egyptian Citizenship by Investment: What Foreign Investors Need to Know Before They Apply
Egypt’s citizenship by investment program is a fast-track method for foreign nationals to acquire Egyptian nationality in return for a qualifying economic contribution. This program is in addition to traditional methods like permanent residence, marriage, or descent. It was created particularly for foreign nationals willing to invest in the Egyptian economy. Unlike normal naturalization requirements […]
Digital Consent and Article 147 of the Civil Code
Digital platforms have fundamentally transformed contracting practices, condensing user consent into a single click that masks extensive, non-negotiable obligations buried in lengthy terms of service. This article scrutinizes the legal validity of electronic consent under Egypt’s Civil Code Article 147, which declares contracts as the law of the parties, while referencing Court of Cassation precedents, […]
Egypt: Enhancing the Role of MSMEs
Small & Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), also known as small businesses in common parlance, are much more than small ventures—they represent the lifeblood of Egypt’s economy. When discussing the critical role of MSMEs in Egypt, imagine an entrepreneur in the city of Alexandria attempting to build a small manufacturing unit or an ‘innovative’ business in the […]
Public Policy and Foreign Currency in Arbitration: A Misguided Annulment by the Egyptian Court of Cassation
Background In a recent landmark decision, the Egyptian Court of Cassation (Cases Nos. 32779 & 32790/93J) annulled an arbitral award issued by the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA). This was on the grounds of violation of public policy, highlighting the intersection between public policy and foreign currency reliance. The arbitral award (Case […]
Egypt Five-Year Multiple-Entry Visa: Eligibility, Fees, and Legal Guide
The new five-year multiple-entry visa and its legal implications Egypt introduced a five-year multiple-entry visa enabling visitors to stay up to 180 days per visit at a cost of a total of USD 700 including the visa fee. The decision takes effect the day after it is published in the Official Gazette. The reform, relevant […]
Requirements to File a Lawsuit in Egypt
In Egypt the legal system is derived through civil law which is highly influenced by French jurisprudence. If you are looking for guidance on how to file a lawsuit, understanding the Egyptian legal framework is crucial. Judicial system is separated into civil, administrative, and criminal judiciary and each one is regulated by elaborate procedural guidelines. […]
Egypt’s Export Development Fund: Boosting Trade and Economic Growth
Egypt has long diagnosed the importance of encouraging exports and supporting commercial sectors including furniture, textiles, scientific supplies, chemical substances, cosmetics, and engineering industries. To obtain this, the authorities set up the Export Development Support Fund under Law No. A hundred and fifty five of 2002. The Fund operates beneath the Ministry of Trade and […]
Translation of Egypt’s Lease Law 2025
Egypt’s 2025 Lease Law introduces a transformative legal framework aimed at modernizing rental agreements and restoring balance to landlord–tenant relationships. These long-anticipated reforms set clear timelines for terminating legacy rent contracts, establish minimum rent thresholds based on zoning classifications, and implement annual rent adjustments to reflect current market conditions. By addressing structural inefficiencies in the […]
