Employment Contracts in Egypt for Foreign-Owned Companies
Foreign-owned companies hiring in Egypt cannot simply adapt a global employment template and assume that its standard clauses will work locally. Egyptian employment relationships now fall primarily under Labour Law No. 14 of 2025, which entered into force on 1 September 2025 and replaced the previous Labour Law No. 12 of 2003. The new framework […]
Key Risks of Doing Business in Egypt: What Foreign Companies Should Know
Egypt offers foreign companies access to a large domestic market, a strategic position connecting Africa, Europe and the Middle East, and an investment framework that provides important protections to foreign investors. Yet the main challenges of operating in Egypt rarely come from a single rule prohibiting a transaction or business activity. More often, they arise […]
How to Get Your Money Out of Egypt Legally
Moving money out of Egypt is legally possible in many situations. The difficulty usually lies elsewhere: proving to the bank where the money came from, why it may leave Egypt, and whether the relevant tax and regulatory obligations have been dealt with. That distinction matters. A foreign shareholder may have a legal right to transfer […]
How Can a Foreigner File a Complaint in Egypt?
A tourist finds money missing from a hotel room. An expatriate pays for a service that never arrives. A foreign employee leaves the country with several months of salary unpaid. Each of them may need to file a complaint in Egypt — but not through the same authority. This distinction matters. Calling the Tourism Police […]
Work Permits and Residency for Foreign Employees in Egypt
Hiring a foreign employee in Egypt involves more than signing an employment contract and obtaining a residence card. As a general rule, a foreign national cannot work in Egypt unless the Ministry of Labour has authorized the work and the individual holds an immigration status that permits entry and residence for employment purposes. The employer […]
International Arbitration in Egypt: A Guide for Foreign Companies and Investors
A foreign company negotiating an Egyptian joint venture, construction contract or major supply agreement may spend weeks discussing price, liability and performance obligations. The dispute resolution clause often receives far less attention. That can become an expensive mistake. When a serious dispute arises, a few lines drafted years earlier may determine where the case proceeds, […]
Egypt’s Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL): English Translation
Disclaimer: This unofficial English translation of The Personal Data Protection Law has been prepared by Youssry Saleh & Partners for information and accessibility. It does not replace the Arabic text published in the Official Gazette. In the event of any discrepancy, the official Arabic text prevails. Download the unofficial English translation Here Law No. 151 […]
Fintech License in Egypt: CBE & FRA Licensing Guide
There is no single fintech license in Egypt. The licence required depends on the financial activity behind the technology. Payment services and payment systems generally fall under the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE), while non-bank financial activities such as consumer finance, BNPL, microfinance, insurance and investment services are generally regulated by the Financial Regulatory Authority […]
Representative Office in Egypt: Setup, Restrictions, and Legal Obligations
A representative office in Egypt allows a foreign company to study the market, run feasibility studies, and build local relationships before investing. Selling, invoicing, and signing commercial contracts fall outside its scope. GAFI registers the office under Companies Law No. 159 of 1981 and renews the certificate annually, subject to compliance. Introduction For many international […]
Business for Sale in Egypt: What You Should Know Before Buying
A business for sale in Egypt can be acquired through either a share purchase or an asset purchase, and that choice determines your tax exposure, liability risk, and approval path. Companies Law No. 159 of 1981 governs the corporate mechanics for all buyers. Investment Law No. 72 of 2017 adds protections and equal treatment where […]
