Egypt’s Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL): English Translation
Disclaimer: This unofficial English translation of The Personal Data Protection Law has been prepared by Youssry Saleh & Partners for information and accessibility. It does not replace the Arabic text published in the Official Gazette. In the event of any discrepancy, the official Arabic text prevails. Download the unofficial English translation Here Law No. 151 […]
Representative Office in Egypt: Setup, Restrictions, and Legal Obligations
A representative office in Egypt allows a foreign company to study the market, run feasibility studies, and build local relationships before investing. Selling, invoicing, and signing commercial contracts fall outside its scope. GAFI registers the office under Companies Law No. 159 of 1981 and renews the certificate annually, subject to compliance. Introduction For many international […]
Business for Sale in Egypt: What You Should Know Before Buying
A business for sale in Egypt can be acquired through either a share purchase or an asset purchase, and that choice determines your tax exposure, liability risk, and approval path. Companies Law No. 159 of 1981 governs the corporate mechanics for all buyers. Investment Law No. 72 of 2017 adds protections and equal treatment where […]
Joint Venture Agreements in Egypt: Governance, Control, and Exit Rights
A joint venture is one of the most practical ways for a foreign investor to enter the Egyptian market without having to build local capabilities from the ground up. It is a combination of capital, knowhow, market presence, licenses, sales channels or other capabilities by two or more parties under a certain business structure. But […]
Private Equity Transactions in Egypt: Legal Structuring, Due Diligence, and Investor Control
Investing in private equity in Egypt is never just about signing a share purchase agreement and transferring funds. It is a legal process that requires structure, caution, and a clear understanding of the risks involved. Thorough review of the target, analysis of the ownership structure, negotiation of control rights, securing regulatory approvals, mapping out liabilities, […]
Antitrust Approval in Egypt: Thresholds, Timelines, Penalties
Antitrust approval in Egypt is mandatory before closing. Since 1 June 2024, any transaction creating a change of control or material influence, and crossing the statutory turnover thresholds, requires clearance from the Egyptian Competition Authority. Parliament approved sweeping amendments in April 2026 that are expected to raise those thresholds substantially once published in the Official […]
Franchise Agreements in Egypt: The Complete Legal Guide for Franchisors and Franchisees
Egypt is one of the most active franchise markets in the Middle East and North Africa. International brands are entering the market, Egyptian concepts are expanding through local operators, and entrepreneurs are increasingly using franchise models to scale restaurants, retail outlets, education services, fitness concepts, and other growing commercial businesses. Despite this expansion, Egypt has […]
Repatriation of Profits in Egypt: What Foreign Investors Need to Know
Repatriation of profits in Egypt is the question that matters most too foreign investors, and it usually arrives after the deal is done. Making money in Egypt is one thing. Moving it abroad in a clear, lawful, and bankable way is another. Egyptian law gives foreign investors an express right to transfer profits abroad. That […]
Foreign Ownership Restrictions in Egypt: Which Sectors Are Limited?
Egypt permits 100% foreign ownership in most sectors under Investment Law No. 72 of 2017 and companies law No.159 of the year 1981. Restrictions apply to a limited group of activities, including commercial agency work, importation for resale, media, defense and security services, aviation, and licensed financial activities. Geographic limits also apply in Sinai, border […]
Corporate Restructuring in Egypt: Legal Routes, Risks, and Practical Considerations
Corporate restructuring in Egypt is rarely just an internal business decision. For international investors, shareholders, lenders, and group companies, restructuring may involve corporate approvals, regulatory filings, tax review, employment due diligence, licensing checks, creditor discussions, and, in some cases, court-related procedures. A company may consider restructuring for several reasons: simplifying a group structure, merging businesses, […]
